All About H1N1

H1N1- Symptons & Prevention

What is the new influenza A [H1N1]?

This is a new influenza A [H1N1] virus that has never before circulated among humans. This virus is not related to previous or current human seasonal influenza viruses. The place of origin of the virus is unknown.

What are the signs and symptoms of infection?

Signs of influenza A [H1N1] are flu-like, including fever, cough, headache, muscle and joint pain, sore throat and runny nose, and sometimes vomiting and diarrhoea.

Why are we so worried about this flu when hundreds of thousands die every year from seasonal epidemics?

Influenza A [H1N1] is a new virus and one to which most people have no, or little immunity and, therefore, this virus could cause more infections than are seen with seasonal flu. World Health Organization [WHO] is working closely with manufacturers to expedite the development of a safe and effective vaccine but it will be some months before it is available.
In addition, the new influenza A [H1N1] appears to be as contagious as seasonal influenza, and is spreading fast particularly among young people [from age 10 – 45]. The severity of the disease ranges from very mild symptoms to severe illnesses that can result in death. The majority of people who contract the virus experience the milder disease and recover without antiviral treatment or medical care. Of the more serious cases, more than half of hospitalised people had underlying health conditions or weak immune systems.

How do I know if I have influenza A [H1N1]?

You will not be able to tell the difference between seasonal flu and influenza A [H1N1] without medical help. Typical symptoms to watch for are similar to seasonal viruses and include fever, cough, headache, body aches, sore throat and runny nose. Only your medical practitioner and local health authority can confirm a case of influenza A [H1N1].

What should I do if I think I have the illness?

If you feel unwell, have high fever, cough or sore throat:
• stay at home and keep away from work, school or crowds;
• rest and take plenty of fluids;
• cover your nose and mouth when coughing and sneezing. If you are using
tissues, make sure you dispose of them carefully. Clean your hands
immediately after with soap and water or cleanse them with an alcohol-based
hand rub.
• if you do not have a tissue close by when you cough or sneeze, cover your
mouth as much as possible with the crook of your elbow;
• use a mask to help you contain the spread of droplets when you are around
others, but be sure to do so correctly;
• inform family and friends about your illness and try to avoid contact with
other people;
• If possible, contact a health professional before travelling to a health
facility to discuss whether a medical examination is necessary.

What can I do to protect myself from catching influenza A [H1N1]?

The main route of transmission of the new influenza A[H1N1] virus seems to be similar to seasonal influenza, via droplets that are expelled by speaking, sneezing or coughing. You can prevent getting infected by avoiding close contact with people who show influenza-like symptoms [trying to maintain a distance of about one metre if possible] and taking the following measures:
• avoid touching your mouth and nose;
• clean hands thoroughly with soap and water, or cleanse them with an alcohol-
based hand rub on a regular basis [especially if touching the mouth and
nose, or surfaces that are potentially contaminated];
• avoid close contact with people who might be ill;
• reduce the time spent in crowded settings if possible;
• improve airflow in your living space by opening windows;
• practise good health habits including adequate sleep, eating nutritious
food, and keeping physically active.

What about using a mask? What does WHO recommend?

If you are not sick you do not have to wear a mask. But if you are caring for a sick person, you can wear a mask when you are in close contact with the ill person and dispose it immediately after contact, and cleanse your hands thoroughly afterwards.

When and how to use a mask?

If you are sick and must travel or be around others, cover your mouth and nose. Using a mask correctly in all situations is essential. Incorrect use actually increases the chance of spreading infection.

Should I take an antiviral now just in case I catch the new virus?

No. You should only take an antiviral, such as oseltamivir or zanamivir, if your health care provider advises you to do so. Individuals should not buy medicines to prevent or fight this new influenza without a prescription, and they should exercise caution in buying antivirals over the Internet.

When should I seek medical care?

Seek medical care if you experience shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, or if a fever continues more than three days. For parents with a young child who is ill, seek medical care if a child has fast or laboured breathing, continuing fever or convulsions [seizures].

Should I go to work if I have the flu but am feeling OK?

No. Whether you have influenza A[H1N1] or a seasonal influenza, you should stay home and away from work through the duration of your symptoms. This is a precaution that can protect your work colleagues and others.

Can I travel?

If you are feeling unwell or have symptoms of influenza, you should not travel. If you have any doubts about your health, you should check with your health care provider.

.......Courtesy: Global Alert and Response [GAR], World Health Organization [WHO]